The Art of the Tattoo Essay Example For Students

The Art of the Tattoo Essay Around the 1990s, a five thousand year old tattooed man, Otzi the Ice Man, was discovered on a mountain between Austria and Italy bearing 57 tattoos; he is the first person known to have markings on his body which has evolved to be known as tattoos. The art of Tattoo has been around for many thousands of years. The styles and reasons for it have varied from individuals as they have from culture, society, or group. Some tattoos were done for simple adornment, as a symbol of a certain group, or for religious beliefs. Tattooing has existed in one form or a another across the globe since before recorded history and the popularity of this unique form of expression will most likely continue for centuries to come. Although the basic concept of tattoo has been a constant throughout the history of mankind the styles and reasons for it have evolved along with mans own evolution. Despite the reasoning behind getting a tattoo there are pros and cons to keep in mind. Initially, there are a few pros to getting a tattoo including self expression, advanced technology, and adornment (depending on how people view it). We will write a custom essay on The Art of the Tattoo specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Most of the times, a tattoo is a representation of ones belief, culture, or a simple part of oneself. Everyone has their own way of expressing their unique characteristics and tattoos can be one form of that. Tattoos were very common in the ancient Egypt culture; temporary tattoos known as henna, is also very popular amongst the South Asian culture as an expression of beauty and adornment. Also, with todays advanced technologies and strict regulations, it can be safe to get a tattoo. With newer machines and stricter safety regulations, it is more convenient to get a tattoo now versus getting a tattoo 10 years ago. Before Sam Reilly invented the tattoo machine, ancient cultures used instruments that were painful and unsanitary. Now with medication and quick machines, anyone can get a tattoo and bear the pain easily. On the other hand, along with the pros, getting a tattoo comes with a price. Unfortunately, most of us are sucked into the corruption of society. We care about what society has to say on clothing, appearance, or form of self-expression. Even in todays modern time, people judge based on someone carries themselves. The working environment frowns upon people with tattoos. Whether getting a tattoo is right or wrong, people associate tattoos with negativity. Furthermore, getting a tattoo definitely can be a huge risk on ones health. Not only is it painful, even with the new technology, it can be risky if the tattoo artists do not follow the procedures carefully. Getting a tattoo can put you at risk for contracting a variety of illnesses from a bacterial infection to HIV. Therefore, it is important to make sure, when getting a tattoo, the tattoo artist has proper legal documents proving his profession. Also, tattoos are permanent and though they can be removed, it can be painful and expensive. In conclusion, tattoos may be a symbol of religion and culture, but at the end of the day tattoos can be an irresponsible decision made by young adults and risky. It affects ones possibility to maintain a professional outlook in the workplace and also diminishes ones reputation, regardless of its symbolic meaning or artistry. Though one should not conform to society, the struggle to get a job can influence one to take such measures. Because we, as humans, change our perspectives as we grow older, tattoos tend to be regretted; tattoos can be painful and expensive to remove.

The Wright Brothers and the First Flight of an Airplane

The Wright Brothers and the First Flight of an Airplane In 1899, after Wilbur Wright had written a letter of request to the Smithsonian Institution for information about flight experiments, the Wright Brothers designed their first aircraft. It was a small, biplane glider flown as a kite to test their solution for controlling the craft by wing warping. Wing warping is a method of arching the wingtips slightly to control the aircrafts rolling motion and balance. Lessons From Birdwatching The Wright Brothers spent a great deal of time observing birds in flight. They noticed that birds soared into the wind and that the air flowing over the curved surface of their wings created lift. Birds change the shape of their wings to turn and maneuver. They believed that they could use this technique to obtain roll control by warping or changing the shape, of a portion of the wing. The Gliders Experiments Over the next three years, Wilbur and his brother Orville would design a series of gliders that would be flown in both unmanned (as kites) and piloted flights. They read about the works of Cayley  and Langley and the hang-gliding flights of Otto Lilienthal. They corresponded with Octave Chanute concerning some of their ideas. They recognized that control of the flying aircraft would be the most crucial and hardest problem to solve. So following a successful glider test, the Wrights built and tested a full-size glider. They selected Kitty Hawk, North Carolina as their test site because of its wind, sand, hilly terrain and remote location. In the year 1900, the Wright brothers successfully tested their new 50-pound biplane glider with its 17-foot wingspan and wing-warping mechanism at Kitty Hawk in both unmanned and piloted flights. In fact, it was the first piloted glider. Based on the results, the Wright Brothers planned to refine the controls and landing gear, and build a bigger glider. In 1901, at Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina, the Wright Brothers flew the largest glider ever flown. It had  a 22-foot wingspan, a weight of nearly 100 pounds and skids for landing. However, many problems occurred. The wings did not have enough lifting power, the forward elevator was not effective in controlling the pitch and the wing-warping mechanism occasionally caused the airplane to spin out of control. In their disappointment, they predicted that man will probably not fly in their lifetime. In spite of the problems with their last attempts at flight, the Wright brothers  reviewed their test results and determined that the calculations they had used were not reliable. They decided to build a wind tunnel to test a variety of wing shapes and their effect on lift. Based upon these tests, the inventors had a greater understanding of how an airfoil (wing) works and could calculate with greater accuracy how well a particular wing design would fly. They planned to design a new glider with a 32-foot wingspan and a tail to help stabilize it. The Flyer In 1902, the Wright brothers flew numerous test glides using their new glider. Their studies showed that a movable tail would help balance the craft and so they connected a movable tail to the wing-warping wires to coordinate turns. With successful glides to verify their wind tunnel tests, the inventors planned to build a powered aircraft. After months of studying how propellers work, the Wright Brothers designed a motor and a new aircraft sturdy enough to accommodate the motors weight and vibrations. The craft weighed 700 pounds and came to be known as the Flyer. The  First Manned Flight The Wright brothers built a movable track to help launch the Flyer. This downhill track would help the aircraft gain enough airspeed to fly. After two attempts to fly this machine, one of which resulted in a minor crash, Orville Wright took the Flyer for a 12-second, sustained flight on December 17, 1903. This was the first successful powered and piloted flight in history. In 1904, the first flight lasting more than five minutes took place on November 9th. The Flyer II was flown by Wilbur Wright. In 1908, passenger flight took a turn for the worse when the first fatal air crash occurred on September 17. Orville Wright was piloting the plane. Orville Wright survived the crash, but his passenger, Signal Corps Lieutenant Thomas Selfridge, did not. The Wright Brothers had been allowing passengers to fly with them since May 14, 1908. In 1909, the U.S. Government bought its first airplane, a Wright Brothers biplane, on July 30. The airplane sold for $25,000 plus a bonus of $5,000 because it exceeded 40 mph. Wright Brothers - Vin Fiz First Armed Airplane On July 18, 1914, an Aviation Section of the Signal Corps (part of the Army) was established. Its flying unit contained airplanes made by the Wright Brothers as well as some made by their chief competitor, Glenn Curtiss. Patent Suit Although Glenn Curtisss invention, ailerons (French for little wing), was far different from the Wrights wing-warping mechanism, the Court determined that use of lateral controls by others was unauthorized by patent law.

Bebop Jazz and its Influence

Bebop was a revolutionary sound that captivated the audience due largely to the new found creative freedom of musical expression allowed by extensive improvisation. According to John Andrews (1998), Bop marked the point at which both the musicians and their audience came widely conscious that Jazz was an art form. Andrews also goes on to mention that bebops mall focus was for people to seriously listen, instead of dancing. After bebop other styles of Jazz developed, such as progressive Jazz, cool jazz, and hard bop. These three styles of Jazz, In the pollen of many people, imparted a substantial influence on current jazz, and will likely impact future generations as well. Bebop is a style of Jazz developed in the early sass as a means to revolt against big band music. Big band music required large groups of players. As a consequence, the musicians were required to follow simpler, highly structured, written arrangements. At the time, many musicians resented the lack of freedom to improvise and the reliance upon written arrangements, so they created bebop, a new style of Jazz. Bebop was vastly deferent than swing band music. It had faster tempos, complex harmonies, elaborate melodies and a rhythm section. According to _Americas Musical Landscape-? a typical bebop combo consisted of a trumpet, saxophone, double bass, piano, and percussion. Due in part to the smaller number of performing Caucasians, bebop music allowed for more freedom of expression and imagination than in big band music.Improvisation was a key feature. While much of big band music was designed to indulge the audiences desire to dance, bebop Jazz is for people who want to sit down and listen to the music. At first, many people enjoyed listening to bebop simply because it was something new and exciting. However, many people, particularly musicians, prefer bebop because of its sophistication and complexity. Some Jazz musicians felt they needed something different and preferred to play bebop Instead of swing Jazz to demonstrate their improvisational skills.Musicians such as saxophonist, Dizzy Gillespie; trumpeter, Charlie Parker; and plants, Theologies Monk; stand out as examples of creative giants who through their virtuosity, were able to achieve an innovative sound that wound into their musical presentations, more important than dancing or chatting ove r simple background music. In a way, bebop was a new genre unto itself, more akin to Jazz than big band music. Because it is essentially the basis for most contemporary Jazz styles, listeners will hear the enduring influence of bebop in most Jazz forms that have followed it.Progressive Jazz, cool Jazz, and hard bop are three styles to have evolved from bebop jazz. It is likely that these three Jazz styles, as well as others, embedded with the underlying roots of bebop will have an ongoing influence on future Jazz musicians. No one can speak for all musicians, many may prefer to play older well-established, classic Jazz, but certainly there are a substantial number of musicians that prefer playing the avian-garden styles, who will carry the flag of bebop for future generations.Bebop was a revolutionary and exciting sound that changed the world of Jazz in the asss and continues to influence Jazz styles today. At its advent, bebop was a way for jazz musicians to break away from the confines of big band music, wh ich did not allow for much improvisation or freedom of musical expression. Bebop pioneers such as Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, and Theologies Monk helped pave the way for other jazz musicians, allowing them to shed their restrictive chains of structured big band music and to elevate the level of improvisational genius that bebop allows.

Charles Jencks and Postmodernism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Charles Jencks and Postmodernism - Essay Example The essay "Charles Jencks and Postmodernism" focuses on the figure of Charles Jencks and the postmodernism. Post modern art favours reflexivity and the self consciousness, its emphasis is on the de-structured, decentred and dehumanized subject. It is also concerned with questions of the organization of knowledge. In a society where post modernism exists knowledge becomes functional, one learns things not to know but to use that knowledge. We are talking about post modernism in relation to garden design which has become an integral part of the cultural landscape. One can notice a difference in the way the gardens are being designed as compared to the modernism days. There seems to be now a bond between the abstract and the arts and craft approaches, the geometry of the abstract art has been blended with the various delights of the arts and craft gardens. This change is mostly commonly seen in the materials which are chosen. Before for gardens people would choose a square concrete slab or a wood painted white which was used to represent the abstract style but now due to post modernism, there is now the richness of the earthy bricks, the stained timber and concrete finishing’s as well as the decorative fittings which have appeared in the gardens and the sense of place and scale is altogether more intimate then before. Where its spirals scales of a pine cone run from the bottom to the top, it has recurring numbers, ratios and proportions. Its recurrent pattern is a form of what one says self-organization.

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Case Study Example The case study clearly says that several interview board members stared at her including the Mr. Clark. In other words, the sexual harassment case of Jami started from the interview itself. The fact that someone is staring sexually at her in an obvious nature, especially in an interview like process, should have been promptly addressed. We can argue that Jami could have avoided that job since she felt some irregularities in the behaviors of the board. However, she failed to do so because of her essentialities of a job. Mr. Clark tried to exploit Jami sexually and for that purpose he has made of promises to her. Mr. Clark’s invitation of Jami for a weekend celebration was sexually motivated. His words and actions clearly show that he was trying to exploit her sexually. This is also evidenced when her boss takes her to the lake and calls her â€Å"my girl,† intending the term as a sexual reference. Moreover, he kissed her even though she resisted initially. Upon further examination of the events that took place in the weekend, it is crystal clear that Mr. Clark was trying to exploit her. According to the Employment Law in Georgia, Direct sexual conduct--an employer makes sexual advances or statements, "Quid pro quo" - job-related benefits are offered in exchange for sexual conduct, Hostile work environment--an employer maintains an overly sexual work environment etc are prohibited under the sexual harassment law in Georgia (Employment Law in Georgia). Under the Federal sex harassment law also Quid Pro Quo harassment (An employee is required to tolerate sexual harassment in order to obtain or keep a job, job benefit, raise, or promotion) is prohibited. Sexual harassment in the form of verbal, physical, or both are strictly prohibited by the federal laws (Larson- Sexual Harassment Law). In short, Mr. Clark committed serious crimes as an employer according to the state and federal laws with respect to sexual harassment

Game console industry Essay Example for Free

Game console industry Essay Provide an overview of the company. Include any information you think is pertinent to this company (5 points) Nintendo is a company that creates video games and game consoles. Nintendo is the creator of the Game Boy, Super Nintendo, Nintendo DS, Nintendo 64, Nintendo GameCube and of course the Wii. Nintendo is only one of the few companies that create gaming systems, and is in constant competition with Sony (PlayStation) and Microsoft (Xbox). Nintendo’s revenues in 2009 were $19,308. 1 million, with a net income of ,930. 8 million. 1. What are the defining business and economic characteristics of the video game console industry? What is the industry like? (10 points) Sales of video game consoles, software, and accessories reached a record high of $23. 1 billion in 2008. Despite the increasing intensity of competition, the video gaming industry as a whole had continued to grow through the end of 2008 in the face of the downturn in the general world economy. 2. What is competition like in the video game console industry? Do a five-forces analysis to support your answer. Complete the following as part of your answer. Make sure to explain the reasons for your answers. (10 points) a. The bargaining power and leverage of buyers is a low competitive force b. The bargaining power and leverage of suppliers is a low competitive force. c. Competition from substitutes is a high competitive force. d. Threat of entry is a low competitive force. e. Rivalry among competing video game console producers is a high competitive force. Overall assessment: 3. What forces are driving changes in the video game console industry? Are these driving forces acting to make the industry more or less competitively intense? Are the driving forces acting to make the industry more or less profitable in future years? (10 points) 4. What is Nintendo’s strategy? Which of the five generic strategies discussed is Nintendo using? What are some of the recent offensive and/or defensive strategies that Nintendo has employed? Have these tactics been successful? (10 points) 5. How well is Nintendo’s strategy working in terms of the financial performance it is delivering? Should shareholders be pleased? Why or why not? What 2-3 weaknesses do you see in Nintendo’s financial performance? (15 points) |Performance Ratio |2009 |2008 |2007 |2006 |2005 | |Revenue Growth |16. 61% |73% |89. 79% |-1. 11% |n/a | |Gross Profit Margin |. 43 |. 42 |. 41 |. 42 |. 42 | |Operating Profit Margin |. 30 |. 29 |. 23 |. 18 |. 22 | |Return on Assets |25% |24% |18% |14% |13% | |Return on Equity |. 13 |. 14 |. 18 |. 24 |. 25 | 6. What does a SWOT analysis reveal about the attractiveness of Nintendo’s overall situation? Is the company’s competitive position as solid as top management seems to believe? Does the company have a competitive advantage? If so, what is the basis for this competitive advantage and is the advantage sustainable? (10 points) Nintendo’s Resource Strengths and Competitive Capabilities Nintendo’s Internal Resource Weaknesses and Competitive Liabilities Nintendo’s External Opportunities Nintendo’s External Threats 7. What does a competitive strength assessment reveal about whether Nintendo has a competitive edge? Complete the chart as part of your answer. You are to determine the success factors you deem most important. (20 points) |Key Success Factors |Importance Weight | Nintendo | Sony | Microsoft | | | |Rating Score |Rating Score |Rating Score8. What recommendations would you make to Nintendo to improve its competitiveness in the video game console industry and to maintain its favorable positioning vis-a-vis Microsoft and Sony? (10 points).

Comparing Symbolism in Poe :: essays research papers

Comparing the Symbolism of the Houses in the Red Death and House of Usher   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most stories have occurrences of symbolism. Symbols are used everyday in many different ways. For instance, the Bald Eagle is used to symbolize the determination and nobility of our United States of America. In both the Masque of the Red Death and the Fall of the House of Usher, the symbolic nature of the House plays an imperative role.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The House in the Red Death was a very elaborate and colorful establishment. Each room inside of this enormous house is decorated in a different hue. The easternmost room is decorated in blue, with blue stained-glass windows. The next room is purple with the same color stained-glass windows, then green, then orange, then white, then violet. The seventh room is black, with red windows. Accompanying this last room is a giant wooden clock. Every hour on the hour the clock emits a deafening gong, which puts an immediate halt to any ongoing activities. The fact that the rooms go from east to west is supposed to symbolize life on earth. The sun rises in the east, sets in the west. Our life cycle also follows that pattern. If you look at a typical twenty-four hour day, the day is â€Å"born† in the east and â€Å"dies† in the west. Along with the rooms following an east to west pattern, the color schemes in the rooms also follow this pattern. The first rooms go from blue, which represents the beginning of the day, or life, to purple, green, orange and finally the white room represents noontime. Next comes violet followed by the last room, which is black with red windows symbolizing the end of the day, or the end of life. The whole purpose of these rooms being decorated in the first place is due to the fact that Prince Prospero has decided to throw a ball for all the rich people in the nearby village, which is being plagued by a fatal disease known as the Red Death. All the rich folk run away to the mansion in hopes of eluding the Red Death. In the meantime at the ball, everyone is having a great time. It seems as though they are almost disregarding the fact that there is a plague going on. They almost have the mentality that as long as they hide out in the mansion, they will be immune to the Red Death.

Love Is a Mixtape

The playback: late night, Brooklyn, a pot of coffee, and a chair by the window. I'm listening too mix tape from 1993. † This is Sheffield first line in his story of how his life is the connection to not only the world but the love of his life. The love of music is a connection most everyone finds themselves having. Rob Sheffield book Love Is a MIX Tape connects his passion for music and the only other thing that meant Just as much to him, his wife Renee.Sheffield has mix tapes to remind him of every part of his life that's worth remembering not only alone but of the life he spent with Renee. Rob and Renee were two totally deferent people. Rob was an Irish Catholic geek from Boston, and Renee was a country girl three months older than Rob. They grew up living two totally different lives with the same passion for one thing, Music. â€Å"We had nothing in common, except we both loved music. It was the first connection we had, and we depended on It to keep us together. We did a lo t of work to meet in the middle. Music brought us together.So now music was stuck with us. † Sheffield peg. 6. â€Å"Nothing connects to the moment like music† Sheffield peg. 12. This sentence in the book is nothing but true. Most people remember the memories thieve had or the time something took place because of the song they heard or were listening to during that event. Many of times I have related things to music and brought the musical connection into my life. Sheffield talks about how there were many of different mix tapes for different things like tapes for making out, dancing, falling asleep, doing the sizes and even walking the dog.I can personally connect to what he Is stating because I have a plastic for most of the things I do: working out, driving In my car, â€Å"depressing† plastic, playbills for certain concerts I'm going to, shower plastic and so many more. I believe people have these playbills or mix tapes for certain things because it Just goes with that moment in time and it seems like it Just fits, so I totally understand where Sheffield Is coming from. In the book Sheffield says, â€Å"Missy wrote a note to biggie in her booklet: â€Å"Rest in peace, Big.I hope you can hear my album, wherever you rest. † I felt the same way. † Sheffield peg. 1 68. This hit me in a deferent way than it may have hit other people. My friend committed seclude and every time I listen to his favorite songs or songs that were played at his funeral I wonder if he's looking down at me seeing me jam out to the songs and knowing I still care and think about him all the time. I also am the same way with my Great Grandma, every time I hear the song played at her funeral, I sit there and Just think about all of the great times we had when she was here.I feel like I had a special connection to Sheffield at this part of the book. Although some people use music as a connection to their lives, other people find 1 OFF something else that mea ner a lot to them to connect their elite too. A lot to people use books, writing, television shows and even reading to connect themselves to the world. Personally I use music as a connector to the world and Just life itself because like Sheffield stated in his book, every mix tape tells a story, if you put it together all music has a story to tell.I couldn't agree more. Some people may not look at it that way, and everyone is entitled to their own opinion, but I couldn't have said it a better way. Music may be taken in a different perspective by everyone, but no matter who you are, where you want to go in life, or what may be going on in your life right now, there will always be a song that can help you cope with your feelings. Even if music isn't your getaway, there will always be something you can relate to and lean on when things get a little harder than you expected.

Earthworms

An earthworm can grow only so long. A well-fed adult will depend on what kind of worm it is, how many segments it has, how old it is and how well fed it is. An Lumbricus terrestris will be from 90-300 millimeters long. A worm has no arms, legs or eyes. There are approximately 2,700 different kinds of earthworms. Worms live where there is food, moisture, oxygen and a favorable temperature. If they don’t have these things, they go somewhere else. In one acre of land, there can be more than a million earthworms. The largest earthworm ever found was in South Africa and measured 22 feet from its nose to the tip of its tail. Worms tunnel deeply in the soil and bring subsoil closer to the surface mixing it with the topsoil. Slime, a secretion of earthworms, contains nitrogen. Nitrogen is an important nutrient for plants. The sticky slime helps to hold clusters of soil particles together in formations called aggregates. Charles Darwin spent 39 years studying earthworms more than 100 years ago. Worms are cold-blooded animals. Earthworms have the ability to replace or replicate lost segments. This ability varies greatly depending on the species of worm you have, the amount of damage to the worm and where it is cut. It may be easy for a worm to replace a lost tail, but may be very difficult or impossible to replace a lost head if things are not just right. Baby worms are not born. They hatch from cocoons smaller than a grain of rice. The Australian Gippsland Earthworm grows to 12 feet long and can weigh 1-1/2 pounds. Even though worms don’t have eyes, they can sense light, especially at their anterior (front end). They move away from light and will become paralyzed if exposed to light for too long (approximately one hour). If a worm’s skin dries out, it will die. Worms are hermaphrodites. Each worm has both male and female organs. Worms mate by joining their clitella (swollen area near the head of a mature worm) and exchanging sperm. Then each worm forms an egg capsule in its clitellum. Worms can eat their weight each day.

Iron Element Facts

Iron Element Facts Iron Basic Facts: Symbol: FeAtomic Number: 26Atomic Weight: 55.847Element Classification: Transition MetalCAS Number: 7439-89-6 Iron Periodic Table Location Group: 8Period:4Block: d Iron Electron Configuration Short Form: [Ar]3d64s2Long Form: 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2Shell Structure: 2 8 14 2 Iron Discovery Discovery Date: Ancient TimesName: Iron derives its name from the Anglo-Saxon iren. The element symbol, Fe, was shortened from the Latin word ferrum meaning firmness.History: Ancient Egyptian iron objects have been dated to around 3500 B.C. These objects also contain approximately 8% nickel showing the iron may have originally been part of a meteorite. The Iron Age began around 1500 B.C. when the Hittites of Asia Minor began to smelt iron ore and make iron tools. Iron Physical Data State at room temperature (300 K): SolidAppearance: malleable, ductile, silvery metalDensity: 7.870 g/cc (25  °C)Density at Melting Point: 6.98 g/ccSpecific Gravity: 7.874 (20  °C)Melting Point: 1811 KBoiling Point: 3133.35 KCritical Point: 9250 K at 8750 barHeat of Fusion: 14.9 kJ/molHeat of Vaporization: 351 kJ/molMolar Heat Capacity: 25.1 J/mol ·KSpecific Heat: 0.443 J/g ·K (at 20  °C) Iron Atomic Data Oxidation States (Bold most common): 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1, and -2Electronegativity: 1.96 (for oxidation state 3) and 1.83 (for oxidation state 2)Electron Affinity: 14.564 kJ/molAtomic Radius: 1.26 Ã…Atomic Volume: 7.1 cc/molIonic Radius: 64 (3e) and 74 (2e)Covalent Radius: 1.24 Ã…First Ionization Energy: 762.465 kJ/molSecond Ionization Energy: 1561.874 kJ/molThird Ionization Energy: 2957.466 kJ/mol Iron Nuclear Data Number of isotopes: 14 isotopes are known. Naturally occuring iron is made up of four isotopes.Natural Isotopes and % abundance: 54Fe (5.845),56Fe (91.754), 57Fe (2.119) and 58Fe (0.282) Iron Crystal Data Lattice Structure: Body-Centered CubicLattice Constant: 2.870 Ã…Debye Temperature: 460.00 K Iron Uses Iron is vital to plant and animal life. Iron is the active part of the hemoglobin molecule our bodies use to transport oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. Iron metal is widely alloyed with other metals and carbon for a multiple commercial uses. Pig iron is an alloy containing about 3-5% carbon, with varying quantities of Si, S, P, and Mn. Pig iron is brittle, hard, and fairly fusible and is used to produce other iron alloys, including steel. Wrought iron contains only a few tenths of a percent of carbon and is malleable, tough, and less fusible than pig iron. Wrought iron typically has a fibrous structure. Carbon steel is an iron alloy with carbon and small amounts of S, Si, Mn, and P. Alloy steels are carbon steels that contain additives such as chromium, nickel, vanadium, etc. Iron is the least expensive, most abundant, and most used of all metals. Miscellaneous Iron Facts Iron is the 4th most abundant element in the Earths crust. The Earths core is believed to be comprised primarily of iron.Pure iron is chemically reactive and corrodes rapidly, especially in moist air or at elevated temperatures.There are four allotropes of iron known as ferrites. These are designated ÃŽ ±-, ÃŽ ²-, ÃŽ ³-, and ÃŽ ´- with transition points at 770, 928, and 1530  °C. The ÃŽ ±- and ÃŽ ²- ferrites have the same crystal structure, but when the ÃŽ ±- form becomes the ÃŽ ²- form, the magnetism disappears.The most common iron ore is hematite (Fe2O3 mostly). Iron is also found in magnetite (Fe3O4) and taconite (a sedimentary rock containing more than 15% iron mixed with quartz).The top three countries that mine iron are Ukraine, Russia and China. China, Australia and Brazil lead the world in iron production.Many meteorites have been found to contain high levels of iron.Iron is found in the sun and other stars.Iron is an essential mineral for health, but too much iron is extre mely toxic. Free iron in the blood reacts with peroxides to form free radicals that damage DNA, protein, lipids and other cellular components, leading to illness and sometimes death. 20 milligrams of iron per kilogram of body weight is toxic, while 60 milligrams per kilogram is lethal. Iron is essential for the development of brain development. Children with iron deficiencies show a lower ability to learn.Iron burns with a gold color in a flame test.Iron is used in fireworks to make sparks. The color of the sparks will depend on the temperature of the iron. Sources CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (89th Ed.), National Institute of Standards and Technology, History of the Origin of the Chemical Elements and Their Discoverers, Norman E. Holden 2001.

Climate Change and Tax Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Climate Change and Tax Policy - Essay Example Carbon Tax is a kind of Pollution Tax purported to be applied on the energy sources which emit carbon dioxide. (Wikipedia)1 The Carbon Emission Trading on the other hand as provided by Kyoto Protocol involves the global trading of permits to emit green house gases converted in terms of Carbon dioxide. (Wikipedia) 2 Obviously there is a need to put a price on carbon to force companies to abandon older, dirtier technologies for newer, cleaner ones. Today the atmosphere is being used as municipal dump where carbon dioxide is deposited free. The New York Times (2007) 3 Once the governments start putting a monetary value on this privilege, business and industrial houses will be forced to evolve smarter ways to run their business. A carbon tax is one approach. Another is to impose a steadily decreasing cap on emissions and Several arguments are being advocated for and against each of these two forms of measures that can be undertaken by the different countries of the world. This case study ______________________________________________________________________ Carbon tax is based on the carbon content of the fuel being consumed by each entity individually. Under economic theory carbon tax represents an indirect tax on the negative externality as such tax would add up to the actual cost of production by internalizing the social cost of polluting the environment by emitting carbon dioxide and other gases. Charles Komanoff (2007)5 opines that to attack global warming, every energy-critical decision needs to be predicated on a trajectory of rising energy prices. A phased-in carbon tax allows this, whereas cap-and-trade will do little to mitigate the price roller-coaster that discourages emissions-minimizing investment. 2.1Cases for Carbon Tax: Levying a tax on the emissions will: Reduce the fossil fuel usage and substitute them by clean fuels and technology Provide a revenue steam to enable a progressive tax shifting - Carbon Tax Centre6 Carbon tax could be extended to all carbon based consumptions while trading systems may not be able to reach parts of the transportation and service sectors Transaction costs are lower in the case of carbon tax as compared to emissions trading Carbon taxes pose an effective system for the reduction of emissions as it is a permanent incentive to reduce the emissions Kevin Baumert

Analysing and Answering questions regarding to a business idea Assignment

Analysing and Answering questions regarding to a business idea - Assignment Example The main target consumers of this business plan are urban moms, since these are responsible for purchase of food in their families. Most urban moms value organic food, and are willing to spend their money on it, as opposed to inorganic food. This is because they consider organic food more ethical, environmentally friendly and healthier (IBISWorld 2013). This business idea thus belongs to the Whole Foods Market, as this will ensure that the produce that are sold to customers are fresh, grown locally, and safe for human consumption. A recent survey by CommonGround in the United States showed that more than 50% of women are concerned with how the food they purchase was grown and raised (Food, Nutrition, & Science 2012). Therefore, these desire to be part of the business process, in order to clear their doubts about the food they purchase. On the other hand, urban moms are in charge of approximately 80% of the household spending (Market Research.com 2003). Therefore, these are the main d ecision makers on the choice of food to be consumed in the family. Urban moms have great interest in healthy eating; therefore, most will prioritize organic food, which they consider safe, healthy, and nutritious for their families. Urban moms desire to know the growth process of the food they buy, in order to determine whether it fits their health standards or not. Therefore, this business will involve urban moms in the different business projects either directly or indirectly. When these are invited to the farming site to check out the produce and place their order, they will have the opportunity of witnessing the growth process of crops on the site, and this might help clear their doubts about the safety of the produce. In addition, some moms will be offered tenders to supply food wastes for organic fertilizer (ZeroWasteSA 2011), while some part of the business land will be rented to others to sell our organic produce. According to GardenWeb (n.d), wastes such as coffee grounds a re important sources of nitrogen in composite manure. The business will consider organic manure due to its myriad of benefits. For instance, besides serving as fertilizer, this also serves as soil conditioner (Organic Gardening 2011). According to Flynn (2013), 70% of urban moms question the processes involved in the growth of food they buy. Therefore, this business will consider involving some of them in the business chain to ensure that they are familiar with the growth processes of the crops. This will help the business to achieve customer loyalty, which is important for increased sales. Question 2 Organic food production bases on the factor of healthy eating, since it aims at minimizing use of synthetic fertilizers and other chemical use in the crop growing process. In the United Kingdom, more people are aware of the benefits of healthy eating; therefore, seek to buy food that is safe and natural. Evidence of this fact is presented in the high demand levels of fresh organic prod uce, including fruits and vegetables in the United Kingdom. Many companies have therefore, ventured in the whole foods market, which is considered profitable today, due to the high demand of organic food by a greater portion of the UK population. In this case, therefore, this bus